Ondansetron (HCI) is oral and parenteral antiemetic agent. Ondansetron (HCI) is the first selective serotonin blocking agent to be marketed. The Ondansetron (HCI) is extremely safe and highly effective antiemetic that has greatly improved the ability to give chemotherapy. The quality of life of patients has been tremendously better with ondansetron than with older, traditional antiemetics.
Despite its effectiveness, ondansetron is not recommended for the routine treatment of nausea due to its significant cost.
It may have central and/or peripheral action, selectively blocks the serotonin 5-HT1 receptors. 5-HT 1receptors are found centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and peripherally at vagal nerve terminals in
the intestines.
FDA APPROVAL
Ondansetron was originally approved for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting by the FDA in January 1991 and tablets were approved for the treatment of post-operative nausea/vomiting in April 1995.
BRAND NAMES
Ondansetron is marketed under various brand names. Some of the common brand names include:
- Zofran
- Zofran ODT (Orally Disintegrating Tablets)
- Zuplenz (Oral Soluble Film)
- Emeset
- Ondemet
- Setron
USES
Ondansetron (HCI) is primarily indicated in conditions like:
- Nausea and vomiting (chemotherapy induced)
- Post operative vomiting
- Post-operative nausea
- Post-operative nausea and vomiting
- Prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting
- Severely emetognic chemotherapy.
SIDE EFFECTS
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Ondansetron (HCI), which give rise to further complications include:
- Cardiac arrhythmias,
- Bronchospasm
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Bradycardia, Bronchospasm
- Angioedema
- Angina, Angioedema
- Hyperbilirubinemia
The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Ondansetron (HCI) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include
- Dizziness,
- Headache
- Fever
- Dyspnea
- Constipation
- Abdominal pain
- Chills
- Hypotension
- Flushing
- Hiccups
- Xerostomia
- Vision disturbances
- Reaction at injection site
- Warmth sensation
- Hypotension.
ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE
Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Adults and Pediatric Patients (4 years and older):
- Oral:
- 8 mg taken 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy, followed by 8 mg 8 hours after the first dose.
- Then, 8 mg every 12 hours for 1 to 2 days after completion of chemotherapy.
- Intravenous (IV):
- 0.15 mg/kg (up to a maximum of 16 mg per dose) given over 15 minutes, starting 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy.
- Repeat the dose 4 and 8 hours after the first dose.
2. Prevention of Radiation-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Adults:
- Oral:
- 8 mg taken 1 to 2 hours before radiation therapy.
- Followed by 8 mg every 8 hours after the first dose for 1 to 2 days after completion of radiation therapy.
3. Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Adults:
- Oral:
- 16 mg taken 1 hour before the induction of anesthesia.
- Intravenous (IV):
- 4 mg as a single dose given over 2 to 5 minutes immediately before induction of anesthesia or postoperatively if nausea and vomiting occur.
4. Pediatric Patients (1 month to 12 years of age)
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting:
- Intravenous (IV):
- For children weighing less than 40 kg: 0.1 mg/kg as a single dose.
- For children weighing 40 kg or more: 4 mg as a single dose.
Administration Instructions
Oral Tablets:
- Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water.
- Can be taken with or without food.
Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODT):
- Place the tablet on the tongue and allow it to dissolve without chewing.
- Swallow with or without water.
Oral Solution:
- Measure the dose using a marked measuring spoon, oral syringe, or medicine cup.
Intravenous (IV):
- Administered by a healthcare professional.
- Given as a slow injection over 2 to 5 minutes or as an infusion over 15 minutes.
Warnings
Dosage restriction is advisable in patients with moderate to severe liver impairment. Ondansetron should be used with caution during pregnancy or lactation. Care is required in the patient exhibiting hypersensitivity to
other selective 5HT3 receptor antagonists and in patient with signs of subacute intestinal obstruction.
High Risk Groups
Drug should not be given to Pregnant Mothers, patients suffering from Kidney dysfunction, patients suffering from Liver Malfunction, and Neonates. If prescribing authority justifies the benefits of the drug against the possible damages he/she should reevaluate them and consult the reference material and previous studies.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Ondansetron
Can I drive or operate machinery after taking ondansetron?
Ondansetron may cause dizziness or drowsiness. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how the medication affects you.
How does ondansetron work?
Ondansetron works by blocking the actions of chemicals in the body that can trigger nausea and vomiting. It is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.
Can I drink alcohol while taking ondansetron?
It is advisable to avoid alcohol while taking ondansetron as it can increase the risk of side effects like dizziness and drowsiness.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose of ondansetron, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Can I take ondansetron with other medications?
Ondansetron can interact with other medications, including certain antidepressants, heart rhythm medications, and others. Always inform your healthcare provider about all the medications and supplements you are taking.
Can children take ondansetron?
Yes, ondansetron can be prescribed for children. The dosage will be adjusted based on the child’s weight and specific condition. Always follow the healthcare provider’s instructions.
Can ondansetron be used during pregnancy?
Ondansetron should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed and prescribed by a healthcare provider. Discuss the potential risks and benefits with your doctor.
Disclaimer
The information provided on this platform is for general informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health providers with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this platform.
